Understanding Motivation

Understanding Motivation. Motives are often interpreted in terms of encouragement. Urge or force is soul and body movement to do. So the motive is the driving force that moves people to behave, and in the actions that have a specific purpose. Any action taken by humans always start with motivation (intention). According to Wexley & Yukl (in As'ad, 1987) is a gift of motivation or arousal patterns, it can also be interpreted to be the motive or circumstances. Meanwhile, according to Mitchell (in Winardi, 2002) motivation to represent psychological processes, giving rise, diarahkanya, and the persistence of volunteer activities (volunteers) are routed to a specific destination.
 
Meanwhile, according to Gray (in Winardi, 2002) motivation is a process, which is internal, or external to an individual, which led to the emergence of enthusiasm and persistence, in terms of carrying out certain activities.
 
Morgan (in Soemanto, 1987) suggested that motivation is related to three things which constitute aspects of motivation. These three things are: the circumstances that encourage the behavior (Motivating states), behaviors that are driven by the state (motivated behavior), and the purpose of the behavior is (goals or ends of such behavior). McDonald (in Soemanto, 1987) defines motivation as a force of change in a person characterized by the effective encouragement and reactions goal. Motivation is a complex problem in the organization, because the needs and desires of each member organization is different from one another. It is different because every member of an organization is unique biologically and psychologically, and developed on the basis of different learning processes (Suprihanto et al, 2003).
 
Soemanto (1987) generally defines motivation as a force of change characterized by the effective encouragement and achievement reactions. Because human behavior is always objective, we can conclude that the change of power that gives strength to the behavior of the purpose, has been going on in a person.
 
From the description above it can be concluded that motivation is the active energy that causes a change in someone who appears on psychiatric symptoms, feelings, and emotions, thus encouraging individuals to act or do anything due to the goals, needs, or desires to be satisfied.
 
Factors Affecting Motivation

Motivation is influenced by two factors, namely:
a. Internal factors; factors originating from within the individual, consisting of:

1. Individual's perception of themselves; someone motivated to do something or not depends a lot on the cognitive processes of perception. Person's perception of himself will drive and direct behavior to act;
2. Self-esteem and achievement; factors encouraging or directing inidvidu (motivated) to try to become an independent person, strong, and gaining freedom and gain a certain status in the community, as well as to encourage individuals to excel;
3. Hope; any hopes for the future. Hope this is the objective of the environmental information that affects a person's attitude and subjective feelings. Hope is the purpose of the behavior.
4. Needs, man is motivated by the need to make himself a fully functioning, so that they can reach their potential in total. The need to encourage and direct the person to seek or avoid, steer and respond to the stress they experienced.
5. Job satisfaction; rather an affective impulse that appears within the individual to achieve the desired goal or purpose of a behavior.

b. External factors; factors from outside the individual, consisting of:

1. The type and nature of work; drive to work on the type and nature of work in accordance with certain objects available jobs will direct the individual to determine the attitude or choice of work to be occupied. This condition can also be dipengartuhi by the extent to which the value of the consideration is owned by the object of such employment;
2. The working group where individuals join; workgroups or organizations where individuals join can encourage or guide the behavior of individuals in a certain behavior to achieve a goal; role of group or organization can help individuals get the need for the values ??of truth, honesty, virtue, and can provide a sense for individuals in connection with their work in social life.
3. Environmental situation in general; each individual encouraged to get in touch with a sense of inability to interact effectively with the environment;
4. Remuneration system; reward is a characteristic or quality of an object satisfying the needs someone who can influence motivation or behavior can change direction from one object to another object that has a value greater rewards. Reward system to encourage individuals to behave in achieving the goals and behavior is seen as a goal, so that when the goal is reached then there will be rewards.

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